![]() Our findings highlight the need for (a) HUD adaptation based on user activities and potential TORs and (b) sparse use of warning cues in future HUD designs. We found that (1) drivers value visual support during TORs, (2) gaze-adaptive scene complexity reduction works but creates a benefit-neutralizing distraction for some, and (3) drivers perceive constant HUD warnings as annoying and distracting over time. without) to fit warnings to the situation. TOR-only) across gaze-adaptivity (with vs. In this paper, we conduct a driving simulator study (N=12), varying required attention by HUD warning presence (absent vs. Further, attention is (a) meanwhile needed for non-driving-related activities and can (b) be over-requested. ![]() Visually salient HUD elements can distract attention from potentially critical parts in a driving scene during a TOR. In Level 3 automated vehicles, preparing drivers for takeover requests (TORs) on the head-up display (HUD) requires their repeated attention.
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